ABSTRACT
Objective:Chemical constituents in hypoglycemic effective fractions of Longan Folium were isolated and identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS） to clarify the hypoglycemic substance basis of Longan Folium. Method:Chemical constituents in hypoglycemic effective fractions of Longan Folium were isolated on a Thermo Hypersil GOLD C<sub>18</sub> column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.9 μm）， the mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution and 0.1% formic acid solution （containing and 10 mmol ammonium acetate） for gradient elution. HRMS was operated in the positive and negative ion modes with the scanning range of <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 100-1 500. Result:The secondary fragment ion information of target compounds was selected and compared with the compounds reported in the databases and related literature to further confirm these compounds. Nine compounds were identified in the ethanol fraction of Longan Folium， including cynaroside， kaempferol， quercitrin， luteolin， shikimic acid， citric acid， <italic>L</italic>-tyrosine， adenosine and nicotinamide. A total of 11 compounds were determined in the ethyl acetate fraction （cynaroside， quercitrin， kaempferol， luteolin， shikimic acid， gallic acid， protocatechuic acid， adenosine， nicotinamide， <italic>L</italic>-phenylalanine and scopoletin）， and 10 compounds were identified in the <italic>n</italic>-butanol fraction （cynaroside， kaempferol-3-<italic>O</italic>-rutinoside， kaempferol， astragalin， luteolin， citric acid， gallic acid， adenosine， nicotinamide and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural）. And five common compounds were identified in these three hypoglycemic effective fractions. Conclusion:The established UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS can quickly identify chemical constituents in three hypoglycemic effective fractions of Longan Folium， their main chemical constituents are flavonoids and their glycosides， organic acids and nitrogen-containing compounds， which provides technical support and scientific evidence for the study on pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of Longan Folium.
ABSTRACT
The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted at mountain areas where there is appropriate weather condition. Due to the complex terrain condition in mountain area, the planting at such places is always associated with a scattered pattern, which inevitably bring difficulty to the work of accurate measurement for the planting area. Advanced research about monitoring the planting area for medicine-herb under complex environmental condition is so critical and meaningful for developing the medicine-herb planting to a large scale and an industry. Therefore, this research, taking the planting of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in Luding county as an example, utilizes RS&GIS: using the image data from TM and ETM datum as the remote sensing information source, integrating GPS data from quadrat survey on the spots, and analyzing on a GIS platform, to extract the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county. The results indicate that: (1) the method and technology used to estimate the planting area of H. pedunculosum are feasible and can be applied to monitoring the planting area of medicine-herb at mountain area under complex environmental conditions: (2) the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county is estimated to be 857. 246 acres by the methods utilized in this research, which is closed to the value from local statistical data with an error range less than 5%; (3) in consideration of those inevitable errorrs generating from the procedures such as remote sensing data acquisition, data preprocessing, data interpretation, and so on, and the fact that the classification of remote sensing data, which must be implemented by those above procedures, was used directly to extract the herb type, the accuracy of area estimation for the herb is significantly influenced by the accuracy of classification for herb type, and the estimated area is inevitably associated with some error.